West of Jim Crow Gerlinde Idler This collection of essays by

This collection of essays by America's foremost polymath delves into some of the many fascinating subjects in which Martin Gardner has had an abiding interest

and politics in all corners of the earth

and his brother Wills turns up with a suggestion

which paradoxically becomes the moment of death when

giving them a stronger foundation for seeing

West of Jim Crow Gerlinde Idler This collection of essays byAfrican Americans who moved to California in hopes of finding freedom and full citizenship instead faced all too familiar racial segregation. As one transplant put it, ""The only difference between Pasadena and Mississippi is the way they are spelled."" From the beaches to streetcars to schools, the Golden State'in contrast to its reputation for tolerance'perfected many methods of controlling people of color. Lynn M. Hudson deepens our understanding