The Punishment Imperative Jacqueline M. Roberts animal cognition researcher Mathieu Lihoreau

animal cognition researcher Mathieu Lihoreau examines a century of research into insect evolution and behavior

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students learn about two of the most pressing problems in foreign policy: war and climate change

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The Punishment Imperative Jacqueline M. Roberts animal cognition researcher Mathieu LihoreauOver the last 40 years, the US penal system has grown at an unprecedented rate five times larger than in the past and grossly out of scale with the rest of the world. In The Punishment Imperative, eminent criminologists Todd R. Clear and Natasha A. Frost argue that America's move to mass incarceration from the 1960s to the early 2000s was more than just a response to crime or a collection of policies adopted in isolation; it was a grand social